Summary: The text provides a detailed account of the history, culture, literature, and administration of Madurai during the Nayaka regime, focusing on various aspects such as clothing, literature, Sanskrit writers, conversion activities by Jesuits, rulership transitions, literature, festivals, Mathas, artisans, and poets. It describes the dressing manner of various individuals, the literary works of the period, religious and philosophical nature of the Nayakas, patronage of Tamil and Sanskrit literature, and the missionary activities of the Jesuits. The chapter also discusses the political history, revenue sources, administrative structure, local governance, revenue collection, and the administrative documents like Aéfvi, Olai, and Uloari, reflecting the bureaucratic machinery during the Kingdom. The influence of various communities, the artistic craftsmanship, and the role of poets and craftsmen in shaping the cultural landscape of Madurai are also emphasized. References to poets, painters, royals, administrative methodology, and artistic endeavors provide a comprehensive view of the socio-political and cultural milieu of Madurai during the Nayaka era.