Summary: to protect and uphold the righteous order of the society, ensuring the welfare and safety of his people, and maintaining the social balance by administering justice and chastisement when necessary. However, the king's power is not absolute, being circumscribed by the principles of Dharma and the instinct of self-preservation, which prevent him from becoming an unchecked despot. The ancient Indian Kingship, as depicted by Kautilya, is characterized by enlightened despotism, with the king serving as the highest executive authority in the state, ensuring protection and stability, and exhibiting benevolent rule. The king, according to Kautilya, holds a pivotal role in the governance of the state, with his governance aimed at upholding principles of righteousness, thereby showcasing the importance of the monarch in safeguarding the social order and well-being of the people.