Summary: Professor Arthur Holmes and other geologists have compiled data suggesting the early orthograde primates of the Oligocene period, believed to have been dualists in limb usage, may have been the ancestors of humans who parted ways with anthropoids in late Oligocene times. The new theory of human evolution proposes that early human ancestors retained primitive limb characteristics while anthropoids evolved into specialized forms. The author discusses the fetal nature of human characteristics and the development of brain size and facial features over time. The evolution of group dynamics, leadership, and the desire for status are tied to human nature and were likely present in early societies. The author delves into the dispersal of anthropoid ancestors across different regions, highlighting the migration patterns that led to the settlement of various human populations. The reconstruction of movements from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego sheds light on the formation of evolutionary units and the impact of agriculture on human evolution. Additionally, the role of exogamy and the introduction of new genes into human populations are explored, providing a comprehensive overview of the development of mankind based on geological data and anthropological evidence.