Summary: Arthur A. Macdonell, the Boden Professor of Sanskrit, delves into the translation principles of the Rig Veda, providing an insightful analysis of interpreting this ancient text. Bal Gangadhar Tilak sheds light on the Vedic hymns and their significance in Indian antiquity, while P. D. Gune explores the Brahmana quotations in the Nirukta. The text also includes discussions on Avestan translations by James Hope Moulton, the Hinuas in Avesta and Pahlavi by Shamsul Ulma Jivaji Jamshedji Modi, and the early history of the Sodangs by A. Berriedale Keith. Furthermore, H. Krishna Shastry delves into fiscal administration during the early Colas, examining revenue systems and governance practices. Notably, the article emphasizes the complexities of Vedic interpretation through examples from the Satapatha Brahmana, showcasing the nuanced understanding required for these ancient texts.