Summary: attention to the beauty of the natural world. Landscape painting dates back to ancient times, with examples found in Indian art long before its introduction to Europe. The Rig Veda and other Indian texts describe cosmic fires, cloudy canopies, and circling cranes, showcasing the antiquity and persistence of landscape motifs. Similar motifs can be seen in Chinese frescoes beyond the Gobi desert. Indian landscape art often served as a backdrop for human or divine love, reflecting the spiritual unity of man and woman in nature's surroundings. References to nature in ancient Indian literature, such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata, are more casual and conventional, lacking detailed visual descriptions. In the classical Sanskrit literature of the Gupta age, Kalidasa's works offer glimpses of pure visual landscapes, focusing on the mental reactions of their characters to the seasons. Moreover, the late 17th-century contact with European landscape painting during the Mughal period influenced Indian landscape art, but it had already developed independently on original paths centuries before. Therefore, examining the history of landscape painting in Europe sheds light on the late development of the genre and provides insights into general principles of landscape painting.