Summary: The text discusses the evolution and history of parish churches in England, from the early Norman period to the architectural developments in the 15th century. It highlights the influence of monasteries in providing and maintaining parish churches, especially during Norman times. The text also mentions elements of church architecture, like the tower, porch, chancel, and furniture such as lecterns, riddels, and Easter sepulchres. The shift in architectural styles over the centuries, from Romanesque to Gothic to Perpendicular, is outlined, emphasizing the craftsmanship and skills of medieval builders. It further delves into specific churches and their unique features, such as stained glass windows, wall paintings, and decorative elements. The text touches upon the role of lay benefactors and the incorporation of chantry chapels within the churches, providing a comprehensive overview of the historical and architectural development of parish churches in England, reflecting the artistic, societal, and religious influences of the times.