Summary: The research society, as explored by various contributors, delves into the complexities of managing large scientific enterprises in the mid-twentieth century. Perspectives on rationalism, pragmatism, and existentialism are discussed, highlighting the urgency of addressing pressing issues and the role of different value systems in scientific endeavors. The challenges of organizational aging, interpersonal tensions, and motivational decentralization in research and development organizations are analyzed, along with the impact of individual and group dynamics on technical performance. The book emphasizes the need for optimizing information flow, improving communication, and enhancing decision-making processes within research societies. It also examines the role of personality factors, organizational structures, and innovative approaches in shaping the functioning of research and development organizations. Overall, the research society is portrayed as a dynamic and evolving entity that requires continuous adaptation and refinement to meet the demands of modern scientific advancement.