Summary: exemplary scholarship and rigorous historical analysis. Qanungo's Historical Essays is a revised and enlarged edition focusing on the evolution of Islamic polity in seventh-century Arabia, intended to aid post-graduate students in historical research. Addressing methodological issues, the book delves into the religious policy of the Maratha Empire, Aurangzeb’s rule, and contemporary law and order concerns in India. Qanungo's thorough treatment of historical figures like Shah Jahan and Mir Jumla illuminates their character and court life, while his critical review of historical texts like Tarikh-i-Shahi and Makhzan-i-Afghani showcases his aptitude for textual criticism. The impact of British imperialism on historical writing in Bengal and Jadunath Sarkar's contributions to the field, particularly his groundbreaking work on Aurangzeb and Shivaji, demonstrate Qanungo's dedication to meticulous research and balanced historical interpretation. Through his insightful analysis and comprehensive historical accounts, Qanungo's work transcends mere academia, offering a compelling narrative for both scholars and the general public.