Summary:  rang appears to be a mountain goat with twisted horns, possibly the ibex or markhor. Colonel Kilnoch noted different varieties of markhor, with the Kabul markhor having horns measuring up to 63 inches. Jahangir paired markhor goats with Barbary ewes from Arabia and obtained offspring with pleasing appearances and good build. Such observations on animals in Jahangir's memoirs reflect his keen interest in natural history and his efforts to understand and enhance the breeding of different species. These detailed descriptions and experiments with animals, along with his meticulous recording of measurements and observations, showcase Jahangir's significant contributions to the study of wildlife and breeding practices during his reign.