Summary: In the text "The Complex Fate: Hawthorne, Henry James, and Some Other American Writers" by Marius Bewley with an introduction by F. R. Leavis, the focus is on the contrasting perspectives and achievements of American writers like Hawthorne, Melville, James, and Twain. Bewley's analysis is welcomed with appreciation due to its rare intelligence and relevance in the context of American literature. The discussion delves into the significance of these American novelists in the nineteenth century, highlighting their artistic achievements and the lack of recognition they have received, especially in comparison to European writers. With a detailed examination of specific works like "The Liar" by James and "The Golden Bowl," the text brings out the complexities and themes of appearance versus reality, truth versus falsehood, and the esteem for American female characters in the literary landscape. Additionally, the text touches on Kenneth Burke's literary criticism in contrast to Bewley's perspective, showcasing different approaches to interpreting and evaluating literary works in American literature. Through discussions on Hawthorne's international perspective and James's characterizations, the text provides a comprehensive insight into the literary achievements and challenges faced by American writers in exploring truth, identity, and societal norms.