Summary: Asian countries face various population problems, with different approaches to family planning. China, after a campaign in favour of birth control, has reverted its stance due to ideological reasons, leading to economic difficulties. Indonesia's regional density issue is exacerbated in Java, while outer islands remain sparsely populated. Taiwan experienced success in economic growth under Japanese rule, with significant improvement in production. Malaya and Singapore have seen declines in fertility rates, with potential for successful governmental intervention. Industrialization is seen as a solution to poverty, with a need for a shift towards modern agricultural practices for sustainable development. Overall, the demographic dilemma in Asia requires a critical balance between population growth and economic progress to ensure a better standard of living for all.