Summary: The text "DANDAVIV.BKA 5 VARDHAMANA UPADHYAYA Translated into English By Dr. BHABATOSH BHATTACHARYA The Asiatic Society 1973" is a detailed exploration of theory and practice of punishment in ancient Hindu criminal law. Divided into chapters on various offenses, it covers topics such as punishment for homicide, theft, molestation, abuse, and assault. The text delves into the classification of offenses, gradation of fines, and specific rules for different types of crimes. It also addresses the nuances of punishment, including exemptions, variations in punishment, and considerations of utility. The work references ancient texts and legal principles to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal system at that time. It discusses the intricacies of defining offenses, delineating punishments, and the ethical implications of judgment and sentencing. The text highlights the importance of adhering to prescribed rules and principles in meting out punishments, emphasizing justice, fairness, and adherence to the law.