Summary: rule could alleviate. However, as British imperialism began to manifest itself as being just as oppressive as past Indian rulers, the Indian nationalist writers began to push back against the injustices and began to fight for economic, social, and political reforms. The British, on the other hand, had a more optimistic view of India's economic development, largely attributing growth to factors like centralized administration, security of property, and increasing foreign trade. However, they overlooked the factors that could potentially hinder growth such as rising population pressure. The Indian middle class played a crucial role in advocating for economic reforms, although the national leadership at the time focused more on policies benefiting big businesses and landlords, leading to certain issues remaining unaddressed. Finally, the efforts of individuals like C.F. Andrews in bridging cultural divides and advocating for social justice stand as a testament to the struggles and progress made by Indians during the colonial era, paving the way for a future that embraced equality and freedom.