Summary: During the revision of the Fourth Volume of the text in November 1929, the author acquired significant new materials, such as transcripts from Portuguese records of Goa and Orme MSS from the India Office, London. These new materials shed light on Akbar's exile, Shambhuji’s activities, and the Luso-Maratha War of 1683. The author critically examined and corrected historical records to utilize dates with confidence. The text highlights events such as Shivaji's interview with Aurangzib, his clever escape from Agra, and the decline of the Adil-Shahis during Jai Singh’s invasion of Bijapur. It also discusses the religious and social dynamics of the time, emphasizing the unstable equilibrium of Indian society in Aurangzib’s reign due to caste divisions and religious tensions. The chapter on Shivaji from 1670-1680 explores the rupture with the Mughals, Shivaji’s activities, and the challenges he faced. The text illuminates the complex political landscape, cultural practices, and historical events of the period, offering insights into the dynamics of power, religion, and society in historical India.