Summary: The volume aims to present a comprehensive collection, translation, and analysis of various Indian texts that describe the creation of mankind and the origin of the caste system. It delves into mythological and cosmogonic accounts to unravel the origins of social structures like caste. The book has expanded significantly since its first edition, now containing additional chapters and sections elucidating the diversity of explanations provided in Hindu sacred texts regarding the emergence of the caste system and the perfection and subsequent degeneracy observed in earlier ages. With references to ancient hymns, Brahmanas, Puranas, and Manu’s accounts, the book explores the lineage of the Indian nation, including the descent from Mann and the mythical tales illustrating the struggles between different classes and divinities. It delves into the mysteries of creation, the Brahman priests, and the composition of the universe. By incorporating various scholars' insights and translations of Sanskrit texts, the volume offers a multidimensional understanding of Hindu traditions and societal structures.