Summary: The text discusses different tribes and castes in Travancore, focusing on their physical characteristics, cultural practices, and historical background. It provides detailed information about each group, such as the Malayarayan, Muthuvan, Paliyan, and Paraya tribes, including their stature, facial traits, and social customs. The text also explores the distribution of cephalic index and nasal index among the tribes, shedding light on their genetic backgrounds. Additionally, it touches on anthropological research in India, highlighting the contributions of various scholars to the field of ethnography and racial classification. The text emphasizes the significance of understanding and preserving the cultural heritage of these indigenous communities, offering a comprehensive overview of the diverse ethnic groups in Travancore.