Summary:  during the Gupta period, I. H. Q., 1940, pp. 361-365.

Overall, the text delves into the Sangha administration, social life, and customs during the Gupta period based on observations and accounts from ancient texts, travelers, and historians. It discusses aspects like costume, personal cleanliness, worship rituals, cooking utensils, and coinage during that time. Sources include Chinese travelers like Yiian Chwang and I-Tsing, inscriptions, and archaeological findings. The Gupta dynasty, known for its patronage of Buddhism and art, left a significant mark on Indian history, culture, and administration. Additionally, numismatic studies and cataloging of Gupta coins provide insights into historical economies and societal structures of the period. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of ancient Indian civilization, offering valuable information on social, religious, and economic aspects of Gupta society.