Summary: During the late 19th century, significant religious movements and developments took place in India. The Chaitanya sect, founded by Krishna Chaitanya, gained popularity for its worship of Krishna and Radha, promoting emotional devotion through hymns and ecstatic singing. Dayananda Sarasvati, founder of the Arya Samaj, influenced by the Brahma Samaj, advocated Vedic teachings and social reform. Madame Blavatsky, a prominent Theosophist, faced controversy over alleged fraud, highlighted by the Hodgson Report and the Coulomb affair. The growth of Oriental scholarship and the impact of English education on the Indian educated class contributed to a shift in intellectual thought towards Western ideas. Missionary efforts, particularly among the Outcastes, bore fruit following a severe famine in South India, leading to significant conversions to Christianity. Women's and medical work, along with innovative initiatives for lepers, showcased the humanitarian efforts and social impact of Christian organizations in India during this period.