Summary: The Trubner's Oriental Series thesis, approved by the University of Caleutle for the Griffith Memorial Prize for Original Research in 1979, discusses the development of Buddhist monasticism in India. The author acknowledges the influence of Indian research and the progressive nature of scholarship in this field. The thesis delves into the evolution of settled cenobitical societies from the original eremitical ideal in Buddhism, highlighting the significant role of Buddhist monasticism in Indian cultural history. The text explores the disciplinary proceedings, legal confession, ritual practices, and communal life within the Buddhist Sangha, shedding light on the rules and regulations governing monastic life. Moreover, the thesis evaluates the transition from the eremitical to the cenobitical lifestyle, showcasing the gradual shift towards monasticism, which is depicted as a profound aspect of ancient Indian history and culture.