Summary: The "Economic and Social History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages" is a republished book focusing on the economic and social developments in Europe during the later Middle Ages. The book covers aspects such as the conflict between France and England over the cloth trade of Flanders and wine production in Gascony, the commercial activities and industry of Southern Germany, Eastern Europe, Italy, and the Balkan Peninsula. It also delves into the impact of events like the Hundred Years' War and the Black Death on various European regions. The text highlights the growth of commerce and industrial practices, including the introduction of modern business methods such as bookkeeping and double-entry bookkeeping systems pioneered in Italy and later influencing Northern Europe. Moreover, it explores the fiscal and economic policies of institutions like the Papacy and the evolution of trade routes, towns, and the role of merchant traders in shaping the economic landscape of medieval Europe.